Did you know that skin disorders account for 1.79% of diseases globally? In fact, according to a report by the American Academy of Dermatology Association, approximately 25% of the population in the United States is affected by a skin disease. Being the largest organ, your skin serves as the protective barrier between your internal organs and the external environment. It not only shields the organs from infections and environmental irritants but also from light, injury, and heat. Additionally, the skin helps in the regulation of body temperature, produces Vitamin D, and minimizes water loss.

While acquiring the ability to distinguish between various medical conditions can undoubtedly aid individuals in administering appropriate home care. However, it is imperative to emphasize the significance of seeking a formal diagnosis and treatment from a qualified dermatologist for optimal management and resolution of the condition. Keep reading to learn how to identify and manage the five common skin disorders.

1.    Acne

Affecting people of all ages, Acne Vulgaris is one of the most common skin conditions. Acne typically manifests in areas such as the neck, face, shoulders, upper back, and chest. Acne Vulgaris occurs when the hair follicles become clogged with dead skin cells or oil, leading to blackheads, redness, pimples, whiteheads, or in more severe cases, painful nodules and cysts.

If left untreated, this condition may lead to scarring or skin discoloration. For individuals with darker skin tones, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common concern, resulting in dark spots after the inflammation has subsided. It is essential to address acne promptly and considerate of diverse skin types to minimize the risk of lasting effects.

Acne Management:

• Wash the acne-affected area twice a day with a mild cleanser.
• Don’t squeeze or pick the lesions, as they can cause permanent scars.
• Apply topical creams or ointments containing retinoids, salicylic acid, and benzoyl peroxide.
• Avoid direct exposure to sunlight.
• Shampoo your hair regularly.
• Eat healthily and stay hydrated.

2.    Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

Otherwise known as eczema, Atopic Dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes itchy and dry red patches. Even though the root cause of eczema is still unknown, medical professionals believe that three factors contribute to the occurrence of atopic dermatitis; environment, immune system, and genetics.

The skin disease usually appears on the feet, hands, or face of the person, especially children. While eczema patches may appear reddish-pink on a person with a light complexion, the patches appear ashen grey, purple, or dark brown on darker skin tones.

Atopic Dermatitis Management:

• Use ointments or fragrance-free creams to keep your skin well-moisturized.
• Apply corticosteroid creams to reduce inflammation.
• Steer clear of triggers like extreme temperature, harsh soaps, and certain fabrics.
• Consult a dermatologist before taking antiseptics or topical steroids.

3.    Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal Cell Carcinoma is a skin cancer that develops on the head, arms, nose, and neck. The life-threatening skin disease appears as a flesh-colored, pearly bump or a pinkish patch of skin that may bleed or develop a crust. However, in dark-skinned people, Basal Cell Carcinoma may appear as black or brown bumps, which are very similar to moles. Chronic sun exposure is the primary cause of Basal Cell Carcinoma, especially in fair-skinned individuals.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Management:

• Regularly check your skin for new or abnormal growth.
• Minimize sun exposure, especially during peak hours (10 am to 4 pm).
• Wear sun-protective clothing such as UV-blocking sunglasses and hats.
• Follow the Basal Cell Carcinoma care and management plan as directed by the dermatologist to the tee. This includes surgery, radiation, and medications.

4.    Rosacea

Rosacea is an inflammatory skin disorder that can be identified by facial redness, small red bumps, and swollen vessels. Continuous sun exposure, stress, or excess consumption of hot beverages, spicy foods, and alcohol can trigger the skin condition. The four sub-types of Rosacea are given below:

1. Ocular: This can lead to bloody or watery eyes and painful bumps on the eyelids.
2. Phymatous: Causes the skin to swell. Usually affects the area around the nose.
3. Papulopustular: Can be identified with fluid-or-pus-filled pimples on the skin.
4. Erythematotelangiectatic: Causes enlarged blood vessels and facial redness.

Rosacea Management:

• Identify the triggers with the help of a reliable dermatologist and avoid them at all costs.
• Wash your face with a non-irritating and mild cleanser.
• Sign up for laser therapy as it can help in minimizing blood vessels and inflammation.
• Take your medications on time. The healthcare provider might prescribe you antibiotics, gels, or creams depending on the severity of the skin condition.

5.    Actinic Keratosis 

Characterized by scaly, rough patches, or lesions, Actinic Keratosis is a skin condition that usually affects people who are exposed to sunlight for long hours. Also known as solar keratosis, Actinic Keratosis is considered a precancerous condition, as it has the potential to progress into skin cancer, specifically squamous cell carcinoma.

People with Actinic Keratosis might have red, pink, or gray bumps or scaly patches on their skin. Other skin disorder symptoms include dry lips, bleeding, burning sensation, tenderness, and horn-like skin growth.

Actinic Keratosis Management:

• Perform regular self-examinations of your skin to identify any new or changing growths.
• Avoid direct sun exposure and irritants.
• Apply sunscreen on a regular basis.
• Get Actinic Keratosis treated by a dermatologist. They will prescribe you topical medications, medicated skincare products, and photodynamic therapy.
• Adopt a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate hydration to support overall skin health.

Wrapping It Up

Skin disorders can significantly affect a person’s physical and emotional well-being. While understanding the common skin diseases discussed in this article will help you identify them at an early stage and manage the symptoms and flare-ups accordingly, it is essential not to be your own doctor and consult a reputed dermatologist for proper diagnosis and personalized care. Remember that maintaining healthy skin will enhance your appearance and contribute to overall health and self-confidence.

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